Massachusetts Small Claims and Class Action

Legal disputes can arise in everyday situations—from unpaid bills to widespread consumer issues. In Massachusetts, individuals may pursue resolution through small claims court or, in broader matters affecting many people, through class action lawsuits. This page provides a clear overview of how both legal paths work, helping you understand their processes, limits, and outcomes within the Massachusetts court system.

Please note: The information provided here is intended strictly for personal, educational use only. It does not serve as legal advice and should not be used for business, employment, tenant screening, or any other purpose restricted under the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA). All content on this page is designed to help individuals better understand civil court procedures for informational purposes.

What Are Small Claims Cases in Massachusetts?

Small claims courts in Massachusetts provide a simplified, cost-effective way for individuals to resolve minor civil disputes without needing a lawyer. Governed by Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 218, small claims are designed for everyday issues where the amount of money involved is relatively low. Details about these cases can often be found in Massachusetts court records, which offer public access to essential information about small claims proceedings.

Definition of Small Claims Under Massachusetts Law

Under M.G.L. c. 218, § 21, a small claims case is a legal action filed in District Court, Boston Municipal Court, or Housing Court for civil disputes involving monetary damages. These cases are heard in an informal setting, and court procedures are streamlined to make the process more accessible to the public.

As of 2025, the maximum claim amount allowed in Massachusetts small claims court is $7,000. This dollar limit helps distinguish small claims from more complex civil litigation, which must be handled through regular civil court channels.

What Types of Disputes Fall Under Small Claims?

Small claims cases typically involve everyday financial disputes where the dollar amount is relatively modest. Common examples include:

• Unpaid Rent
  Landlords can file small claims if a tenant fails to pay rent, as long as the total owed does not exceed $7,000.
• Property Damage
  If someone causes damage to your car, home, or other belongings, and the costs are under the limit, small claims court may be appropriate.
• Security Deposit Disputes
  Tenants often use small claims court to recover unlawfully withheld security deposits after moving out of a rental property.
• Breach of Minor Contracts
  If one party fails to uphold their part of an agreement—such as failing to perform a service or deliver goods—small claims may offer a fast resolution.

These types of claims are common among individuals who want to pursue justice without high legal costs or drawn-out proceedings.

How the Process Works

Filing a small claims case in Massachusetts involves several key steps:

1. Determine Jurisdiction
   File your case in the correct court based on where the issue occurred or where the defendant lives or does business.
2. Complete and File a Statement of Claim
   This form outlines your complaint and the relief you’re seeking. Filing fees typically range from $40 to $150, depending on the claim amount.
3. Serve the Defendant
   The court will notify the defendant of the claim and the hearing date, usually by certified mail or sheriff service.
4. Attend the Hearing
   Both parties will appear before a magistrate or judge. You’ll need to bring documentation such as receipts, contracts, photos, or emails to support your case.
5. Receive a Judgment
   If the court finds in your favor, it may issue a judgment ordering the other party to pay the specified amount.

Why Use Small Claims Court?

Massachusetts small claims courts offer a user-friendly environment where most people can represent themselves without needing an attorney. While legal representation is allowed, it is not required. This makes the process faster and less costly, especially for minor disputes where hiring a lawyer might outweigh the potential recovery.

Massachusetts Small Claims Court Process

Small claims court offers a faster, more affordable way for individuals and small businesses to resolve disputes involving limited amounts of money. In Massachusetts, small claims courts handle cases involving $7,000 or less (excluding interest and court costs). Whether you’re seeking compensation for unpaid services, property damage, or a breached agreement, understanding the small claims process can help you navigate the system with greater confidence.

Who Can File Small Claims?

Eligible Filers:
In Massachusetts, the following parties may file a small claims case:

• Individuals – Any adult or legally emancipated minor can bring a claim.
• Small businesses and sole proprietors – For example, local service providers, independent contractors, and shop owners.
• Landlords – Seeking unpaid rent, security deposit issues, or minor property damages.

Limitations on Filing:

• Corporations and certain government agencies may face restrictions. For instance, corporations may need to file through an attorney depending on the nature of the claim and local court rules.
• Filers must have standing, meaning they were directly involved in the issue or suffered harm.

The court does not handle criminal matters, slander/libel claims, or disputes involving more than $7,000 (with some exceptions for property damage related to motor vehicles under insurance rules).

How to File a Small Claims Case

Filing a small claims case in Massachusetts follows a relatively straightforward process, though accuracy and preparation are important.

Step-by-Step Process:

1. Obtain the Proper Form
   • Use the Statement of Small Claim form, available online from the Massachusetts Court System or at your local court.
   • You’ll need to fill in information about yourself (plaintiff), the person or business you’re suing (defendant), the nature of the dispute, and the amount you’re claiming.
2. Choose the Right Court
   • File your claim in the District Court or Boston Municipal Court closest to where the defendant lives, works, or where the incident occurred.
3. Submit the Form
   • Submit your completed form to the court clerk in person or by mail.
   • Filing fees typically range from $40 to $150, depending on the amount you’re claiming.
4. Pay the Filing Fee
   • Fee waivers may be available if you demonstrate financial hardship using the Affidavit of Indigency form.

The court will assign a docket number to your case and schedule a court date, usually within 30–60 days.

Notification and Court Date

After filing, the defendant must be officially notified of the claim. This is known as service of process.

Serving the Other Party:

• The court typically arranges for certified mail service through the sheriff or a constable.
• If certified mail fails, personal service may be required.

Ensure that the address you provide is correct and current to avoid delays.

Court Date and Hearing Notice:

• You and the defendant will receive a hearing notice stating the date, time, and location of the small claims session.
• If either party needs additional time or cannot attend, a continuance may be requested in advance.

Timely service and preparation are key to moving your case forward efficiently.

What Happens at a Small Claims Hearing

Small claims court in Massachusetts is less formal than regular civil court, which means the rules of evidence and procedure are simplified, and legal representation is optional (though allowed).

Presenting Your Case:

• Bring all relevant documentation, such as contracts, emails, receipts, photos, or written statements.
• Witnesses may be allowed to testify, especially if their input is relevant to the facts of the case.
• The judge may ask direct questions to clarify details and encourage both parties to explain their side.

Mediation vs. Judgment:

• Some courts offer free mediation services before the hearing, which may help both parties settle without a formal judgment.
• If mediation fails or is declined, the judge will issue a decision—usually the same day or shortly afterward.

Judgment and Enforcement:

• If you win, the court issues a judgment in your favor, often requiring the defendant to pay the awarded amount by a specific deadline.
• If the losing party fails to pay, additional steps such as payment review hearings or collection efforts (e.g., wage garnishment or liens) may be necessary, but only through legal means permitted under Massachusetts law.

Accessing Small Claims Court Records in Massachusetts

Small claims courts in Massachusetts handle a wide range of civil matters, typically involving disputes with lower monetary values. These cases often include issues like unpaid bills, property damage, unreturned deposits, and small contract disagreements. Whether you’re researching a past case or preparing for your own hearing, understanding how to access small claims records can be essential.

Are Small Claims Records Public?

Massachusetts maintains a strong commitment to judicial transparency. In general, small claims court records are public and available for viewing unless otherwise restricted by law. This openness allows members of the public to observe the legal process, verify case outcomes, and review civil procedures.

However, not all records are available without limitations. Certain records may be:

• Sealed by court order, especially if they involve sensitive information.
• Connected to juvenile matters, which are typically confidential.
• Protected under privacy rules, such as records involving mental health, domestic violence protections, or financial account details.

Before accessing a record, it’s wise to understand what types of information are legally available and whether redactions may apply.

How to Search Small Claims Records

Massachusetts residents have multiple ways to search for and review small claims court records. The method you choose depends on your location and the level of access you need.

1. Online via MassCourts

The MassCourts.org portal provides electronic access to docket information for most District Courts, including small claims divisions. This database is especially helpful for searching:

• Names of parties involved
• Case numbers
• Scheduled court dates
• Case status (open, closed, pending, etc.)

While the portal does not always include full-text documents (like judgments or evidence), it offers an efficient starting point for locating case details.

2. In Person at the Courthouse

For more detailed records—such as signed judgments, motions, or physical evidence—you may need to visit the local courthouse where the small claims case was filed. Most District Courts in Massachusetts allow the public to request access to case files during business hours.

When visiting in person:

• Bring a valid form of ID.
• Be prepared to provide the case number or names of parties.
• Some clerks may charge a small fee for copies of documents.

What Information Appears in a Record?

A typical Massachusetts small claims court record contains several types of public information. While the exact contents may vary by case, the following elements are commonly included:

• Party Names: The plaintiff (person filing the claim) and the defendant (person being sued).
• Case Number: A unique identifier used for tracking and referencing the matter in the court system.
• Filing Date and Hearing Information: Includes the initial filing date and the scheduled or completed court appearance date.
• Outcome or Judgment: A summary of the court’s decision, such as awarded damages, dismissal, or default judgment.
• Case Status: Indicates whether the case is ongoing, resolved, dismissed, or appealed.

These records are intended for informational purposes only and should not be used to make decisions about someone’s eligibility for employment, housing, credit, or insurance. Doing so would violate federal regulations, including the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA).

Filing Fees, Limits, and Deadlines

Understanding the cost, limits, and time requirements for filing a contract dispute in Massachusetts is essential for anyone planning to pursue a civil court case. Whether you’re a homeowner disputing a renovation contract or a small business involved in a payment disagreement, knowing these basic court procedures helps you prepare effectively.

Dollar Limits Per Case

In Massachusetts, the type of court you file in largely depends on the dollar amount of your claim:

• Small Claims Court handles disputes involving $7,000 or less. This is ideal for straightforward cases such as unpaid services, minor property damage, or breach of simple agreements.
• District or Superior Court handles disputes involving more than $7,000 or where the case is more complex, such as those involving multiple parties or business entities.

Note that even if your case qualifies for small claims, you may choose to file in a higher court if the matter involves legal complexity.

Court Filing Fees and Fee Waivers

Filing a lawsuit requires paying a court filing fee, which varies depending on the court and the amount you’re seeking:

• Small Claims Filing Fee:
  • Claims up to $500: $40
  • $501–$2,000: $50
  • $2,001–$5,000: $100
  • $5,001–$7,000: $150
• District and Superior Court Fees:
  • Filing a civil action: Typically $200–$300
  • Additional costs may include fees for summons, service, and motion filings.

Fee Waivers are available for individuals who cannot afford the filing fees. To request a waiver, you must submit an Affidavit of Indigency showing that you meet financial eligibility requirements. If approved, court costs can be reduced or eliminated.

Statute of Limitations in Massachusetts

Every legal claim must be filed within a specific period known as the statute of limitations. Filing after this deadline usually results in dismissal, even if your case is valid.

Common time limits for contract-related claims include:

• Written Contracts: 6 years from the date of breach or discovery of breach
• Oral Contracts: 6 years as well, though proving the agreement may be more difficult
• Fraud or Misrepresentation: Generally 3 years
• Consumer Protection Violations (e.g., under Chapter 93A): 4 years

It’s important to file within the correct timeframe or seek legal advice promptly if you’re unsure when the clock started. Courts are strict about enforcing these deadlines.

Appealing a Small Claims Judgment

If you disagree with the outcome of a small claims case in Massachusetts, you may have the right to appeal. Understanding the appeal process can help ensure you act within the correct legal timeframe and follow the necessary procedures.

How to Appeal a Small Claims Judgment

In Massachusetts, only defendants in small claims cases have the automatic right to appeal. This means that if you lost the case and believe the decision was unfair or incorrect, you can request a new hearing in the District Court, where the case will be heard again—this time before a judge instead of a clerk magistrate.

To initiate the appeal process:

• You must file a Notice of Appeal with the clerk’s office at the court where your small claims case was heard.
• The case will be transferred to the civil session of the District Court, where the appeal will be treated as a new trial (also known as “trial de novo”).

Timeframe for Filing an Appeal

Timing is critical. You must file your appeal within 10 days of the entry of judgment. This 10-day window is strictly enforced, and missing the deadline could result in losing your right to challenge the decision.

In addition to filing the notice, you may be required to post a bond to cover court costs or fees associated with the appeal. This is usually set by the court and must be paid promptly.

Steps for Requesting Reconsideration

If you are not eligible to appeal—or if the appeal window has closed—you may still be able to request a motion for reconsideration or motion for relief from judgment.

• This motion must be submitted to the same court that issued the original decision.
• It must clearly state the reasons why the judgment should be reviewed, such as new evidence, mistake, or clerical error.
• The court has discretion to grant or deny this request, and it is not a guaranteed second hearing.

While reconsideration is not a substitute for an appeal, it can be an option in specific cases, especially when procedural errors or unexpected situations have impacted the outcome.

What Are Class Action Lawsuits?

Class action lawsuits serve as a vital legal tool that allows individuals with similar grievances to unite and pursue justice collectively. In Massachusetts, these cases can address widespread issues affecting consumers, employees, or even residents impacted by environmental damage. Understanding how these lawsuits function can help you determine if joining one—or even initiating one—may be a viable path for resolving your legal concern.

Class Action Lawsuit Overview

A class action is a type of civil lawsuit filed by one or more individuals on behalf of a larger group (the “class”) who have suffered a similar harm. Unlike small claims cases, which involve individual disputes for smaller dollar amounts, class actions are typically used when numerous people are affected by the same issue and it would be impractical for each person to file a separate lawsuit.

In Massachusetts, class actions are governed by specific court rules designed to ensure fairness and efficiency. One key distinction from small claims court is that class actions require court certification, meaning a judge must agree that the case meets the legal requirements to proceed as a class action.

Common Class Action Topics in Massachusetts

Class action lawsuits in Massachusetts have covered a broad range of topics, including:

• Consumer fraud – These cases involve deceptive business practices, such as hidden fees, false advertising, or defective products.
• Data breaches – Individuals affected by unauthorized access to personal information (e.g., name, address, or account details) may collectively seek damages from companies that failed to secure their systems.
• Employment law – Employees who have experienced wage theft, unpaid overtime, or discriminatory practices may band together to take legal action against an employer.
• Environmental claims – If pollution or hazardous waste affects a community, a class action may allow residents to pursue compensation for health issues or property damage.

Each case must demonstrate that the claims and circumstances are similar enough across the group to be resolved together.

How Class Actions Work in Massachusetts

Once a class action is proposed, the court must approve it by certifying the class. This process includes evaluating factors such as the number of potential plaintiffs, the similarity of legal and factual issues, and whether a class action is the most efficient way to resolve the dispute.

Lead Plaintiff and Class Members

In a class action, one or a few individuals act as the lead plaintiff(s) or class representatives. These individuals file the lawsuit and represent the interests of all members of the class. Class members do not need to take direct action unless they choose to opt out or submit a claim once a settlement is reached.

Settlement vs. Trial

Most class action lawsuits are resolved through settlements rather than going to trial. A settlement typically involves the defendant agreeing to compensate class members or change certain practices, without admitting wrongdoing. Before any settlement is finalized, the court must review and approve the terms to ensure they are fair and reasonable to all class members.

Class Action Lawsuits in Massachusetts Courts

Class action lawsuits are powerful legal tools that allow large groups of people with similar claims to seek justice collectively. In Massachusetts, these cases often arise in areas like consumer protection, wage disputes, and fraud. They provide individuals the opportunity to take on large corporations or institutions without having to file separate lawsuits, saving time, resources, and court effort.

Whether you are a resident impacted by a corporate practice or simply looking to understand your rights, knowing how class actions work in Massachusetts can be a critical step in protecting your interests and understanding the legal process behind your civil court records.

Notable Class Actions in Massachusetts

Massachusetts courts have seen many prominent class action lawsuits over the years. These cases often address widespread harm caused by fraudulent practices, employer misconduct, or corporate negligence.

Examples include:

• Student Loan Forgiveness Scandals: In recent years, class actions have been filed against student loan servicers accused of misleading borrowers about repayment plans or eligibility for forgiveness. These cases claimed that borrowers were steered into costly forbearance programs, rather than more affordable income-driven repayment options.
• Wage Theft & Unpaid Overtime: Workers in industries such as food service, retail, and healthcare have united to sue employers who failed to pay overtime, withheld wages, or misclassified employees as independent contractors. These lawsuits have led to millions in back pay and penalties.
• Data Breaches: Several consumer class actions have been brought against companies that failed to protect customer information, such as personal data and credit card numbers. These suits often demand compensation for identity theft risks or financial damages caused by the breach.
• Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Claims: Massachusetts has also handled class action cases related to defective medications or medical devices, especially when those products caused adverse side effects or health risks to large numbers of patients.

Class actions like these are often documented in Massachusetts court records, which serve as official records of the case’s progress, rulings, and settlements.

How to Join or Opt Out of a Class Action

When a class action lawsuit is approved by a Massachusetts court, individuals who may be affected are usually notified either directly or through public announcements. These notices provide key information on how to participate in or exclude oneself from the case.

Receiving a Class Action Notice

If you’re a potential class member, you may receive a notice in the mail or by email, depending on the nature of the case and how the involved parties collected data. This notice generally includes:

• A description of the lawsuit
• The rights and options of class members
• Instructions on how to join the class or opt out
• Important deadlines for action

These notices are often legally required to ensure individuals have a chance to make informed decisions about their participation.

Joining a Class Action

In most cases, you don’t need to do anything to join—if you qualify and don’t opt out, you’re automatically considered part of the class. However, to receive compensation (such as part of a settlement), you may need to submit a claim form online or by mail.

Class action claim websites are commonly set up with secure portals where eligible participants can enter their information and submit documentation if required. Always ensure you are on an official site before submitting any personal data.

Opting Out of a Class Action

Some individuals may prefer to file their own lawsuit, especially if their damages are significantly different from others in the class. To retain the right to sue separately, you must opt out by following the instructions in the notice—typically by sending a written request to the court or class administrator by a specific deadline.

Finding and Accessing Class Action Records

How to locate and access class action records in Massachusetts can help you stay informed about legal matters that may impact you or your community. These lawsuits typically involve large groups of people affected by similar harm, such as defective products, deceptive practices, or data breaches. Massachusetts residents can access class action records through both federal and state resources, depending on where the case was filed.

Public Access Rights to Class Action Records

Class action lawsuits, like most court proceedings, are generally part of the public record. This means individuals have the right to review and request copies of related documents, unless the court seals specific information for privacy or legal reasons. Public access helps promote transparency and accountability in the legal process.

You can search for case details such as:

• The parties involved
• Court filings and motions
• Judgments or settlements
• Hearing dates and rulings

It’s important to use this information only for personal research, awareness, or general legal interest. Using court documents for employment screening, tenant decisions, or any commercial purpose may violate privacy laws and federal regulations such as the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA).

Using PACER for Federal Class Action Lawsuits

If the class action case was filed in federal court—such as for large consumer fraud or national product liability issues—you can find details through PACER (Public Access to Court Electronic Records), the official online system for U.S. federal courts.

How PACER works:

• Create an account at pacer.uscourts.gov
• Use the search tool to look up cases by party name, court district, or case number
• Access available court documents, orders, and dockets (a small fee may apply)

PACER is ideal for accessing records in major federal cases, including multidistrict litigation (MDL) and nationwide class actions that may impact Massachusetts residents.

Using MassCourts or Clerk’s Office for State Cases

If the class action was filed in a Massachusetts state court, you can search through the MassCourts system or contact the relevant clerk’s office directly. These tools give access to information from the Superior Court and other trial courts across the state.

Accessing Massachusetts class action cases:

• Visit the MassCourts public portal: https://www.masscourts.org
• Search by docket number, party name, or court location
• Some case types may be limited online—especially older records or sealed matters
• If records are unavailable online, request them in person or by mail from the courthouse clerk

Be prepared to provide identifying information (case number, filing date, or parties involved) and pay any small copying fees.

Small Claims vs. Class Action: What’s the Difference?

When dealing with civil disputes in Massachusetts, it’s important to understand the differences between small claims and class action lawsuits. Each type serves a distinct purpose, and choosing the right one depends on factors like the number of people involved, the amount of money in dispute, and the complexity of the case.

Filing Complexity

Small claims are generally straightforward and designed for individuals without legal representation. The filing process is quick, and forms are typically available through the Massachusetts District Court system. In contrast, class action lawsuits are far more complex. They require legal certification, involve extensive documentation, and often need an attorney or legal team to file on behalf of a larger group of individuals (known as a “class”).

Number of Parties

Small claims cases usually involve one plaintiff and one defendant. They are meant for personal disputes such as unpaid bills, broken agreements, or minor property damage. Class actions, however, are filed on behalf of a group of people who have suffered a similar harm from the same defendant—often a corporation or large entity. Examples include defective products, fraudulent business practices, or large-scale data breaches.

Damages Sought

In Massachusetts, small claims courts handle cases with damages up to $7,000. They’re ideal for recovering losses in everyday matters. Class actions, on the other hand, typically seek much larger amounts—sometimes millions of dollars in total damages—spread across all class members. Compensation may include refunds, penalties, or injunctive relief to prevent future harm.

Court Process Comparison

Small claims are resolved quickly, often within a few months, and typically involve one or two court appearances. Class action cases can take years, as they go through multiple stages including class certification, discovery, settlement negotiations, and sometimes trial. Small claims decisions are made by a magistrate, while class actions proceed in higher courts and often attract more public attention.

Legal Resources for Massachusetts Litigants

Navigating the legal system in Massachusetts can be overwhelming, especially for individuals unfamiliar with court procedures or who lack legal representation. Fortunately, the state offers a variety of accessible legal resources to help litigants prepare for and participate in civil court cases. These tools are designed to empower residents with the knowledge and support they need to handle matters like small claims, contract disputes, or other civil filings. Below are some of the most helpful services available.

Where to Get Help Filing

If you’re unsure how to start a legal case or respond to a court matter, several free and low-cost services in Massachusetts can provide assistance.

Legal Aid Organizations

Massachusetts is home to several non-profit legal aid groups that assist qualifying individuals, typically based on income. These organizations offer help with filing paperwork, understanding your rights, and preparing for court. Some examples include:

• Greater Boston Legal Services (GBLS)
• Volunteer Lawyers Project (VLP)
• Legal Services Center of Harvard Law School

Each legal aid office may specialize in different types of cases, such as housing, consumer rights, or family law. It’s best to contact the organization that serves your region or legal issue.

Court Service Centers

Located in courthouses throughout the Commonwealth, Court Service Centers provide walk-in guidance for people representing themselves in civil court. Staff can help you:

• Understand court processes
• Locate appropriate court forms
• Access interpreters or accommodations
• Use public computers to complete filings

While they do not offer legal advice, these centers are a valuable starting point for those unfamiliar with the legal system.

Using Court Forms & Online Tools

Massachusetts courts provide several standardized forms and web-based tools to help users efficiently file and manage their cases.

MA Small Claims Forms

For disputes under $7,000—such as contract issues, consumer claims, or deposit disputes—Massachusetts small claims court offers a streamlined process. The required forms are available online through the Mass.gov court forms portal, including:

• Statement of Small Claim
• Affidavit of Indigency (if you can’t afford court fees)
• Notice of Trial

These forms are designed for ease of use, even without an attorney. Be sure to follow all instructions carefully and submit them to the correct district court.

Class Action Claim Portals

If your case relates to a broader issue affecting multiple individuals—such as defective products or unlawful business practices—you may be eligible to participate in a class action lawsuit. Many class action claims are managed online through secure portals that allow Massachusetts residents to:

• Check eligibility
• File a claim
• Track the status of a settlement

Always confirm the legitimacy of a class action site before providing personal information.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Massachusetts civil court users often have practical questions about the small claims process, settlements, and what to expect if they have to go to court. Below are some commonly asked questions with helpful, plain-language answers to guide you through the basics.

What’s the dollar limit for small claims in Massachusetts?

In Massachusetts, the maximum amount you can sue for in small claims court is $7,000. This limit is set by the state to help individuals resolve lower-value disputes quickly and without the need for extensive legal procedures. If your case involves a larger sum or is particularly complex, you may need to file it in a regular civil session instead, such as the District Court or Superior Court.

Can I represent myself in small claims court?

Yes, you are allowed to represent yourself in small claims court without hiring a lawyer. This is often called appearing “pro se,” and it’s very common in small claims proceedings. The process is designed to be more informal and accessible for individuals without legal training, and judges often provide some guidance on procedures during hearings. Still, it’s wise to prepare your case thoroughly and consider speaking with a legal professional if you’re unsure about your rights or how to present evidence.

Are class action settlements taxable in Massachusetts?

Whether a class action settlement is taxable in Massachusetts depends on the type of compensation you receive. In general, money awarded for lost wages is considered taxable income, while payments meant to reimburse you for out-of-pocket losses or damages might not be taxed. Because the rules can vary depending on federal and state tax laws, it’s best to consult a qualified tax advisor to determine how your settlement should be reported on your return.

Can I file multiple small claims for related issues?

You can file more than one small claims case in Massachusetts if each case involves different facts or parties, but you may run into problems if the issues are too closely connected. If the court finds that your claims are part of the same dispute, it may combine them into a single case or even dismiss them if it appears you’re trying to split your claims unfairly. To avoid delays or confusion, it’s usually better to include all related matters in one filing when possible and check with the court if you’re unsure how to proceed.

What if I miss my small claims court date?

Missing your court date can have serious consequences depending on your role in the case. If you’re the person who filed the claim (the plaintiff), your case may be dismissed entirely. If you’re the defendant and don’t show up, the court may rule against you by default, meaning you could lose the case without a chance to explain your side. If you had a valid reason for not attending, like a medical emergency or unavoidable delay, you should contact the court immediately to find out how to request a new hearing or file a motion to reopen the case—usually within a limited time frame.